The cave is one of the largest karstic caves in the Southern Urals, where about 30 rock paintings (mammoths, bangtails and rhinoceroses) of paleolith epoch, were discovered. The Shulgan-Tash is the only cave in Eastern Europe, where color paintings of Stone Age were preserved in a good state. Such ancient rock paintings can be seen only in France and Spain. Shulgan-Tash is more than two kilometers long and the river Shulgan flows inside of it. The largest in Europe sylphon (400 meters in diameter) – the cavity, filled with water and without air, was discovered here. The age of the cave is about one million years. The entrance into the cave looks like a huge 40-meters high arch. The first level of the cave is about 300 meters long. The second level has not been investigated yet. Speleologists and archeologists went inside only for a distance of 1,5 kilometers. The cave’s walls are decorated with various calcite sinters of the most fanciful forms and colors. The site of the human habitation was discovered near the entrance: stone tools, ochre, ash and charcoal, of 15-17 thousand years old. Various drawings, made with red ochre were found on the walls of the upper and middle levels. The main drawings are made on two walls of the upper level – the , two horses and one rhino. All animals are drawn in realistic manner and in move to the left. The investigations showed that these pictures had been made in the XII-X millenniums B.C. It is peculiar that pieces of stone and clay vessels, where colors had been kept, were discovered near the paintings. The chemical analysis of the remnants of ochre showed that ancient people used animal glue in its structure. The first people used adipose lamps and one of such lamps were discovered by archeologists. In order to reach the second floor one has to overcome the 14-meter vertical well and it is still unclear how ancient people managed to get there. It is quite possible the cave once had one more entrance.

May be that people felt the positive energy of the cave. Any person, entering the cave, feels a sort of connection with space or something like this. The cave water, air, clay and calcium sinters have medical properties. When somebody leaves the cave, it is prohibited to look back – this is a local tradition.